Source comparison
BPC-157 Research Fasting: Model System Comparison
Rodent oral gavage 12–14 hours 2.0–2.5 PepT1 intestinal uptake Minimizes substrate competition; aligns with rodent circadian feeding patterns Gold standard for PK reproducibility. Most predictable plasma curves Rodent subcutaneous injection Not applicable (byp
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- Rodent oral gavage
- 12–14 hours
- 2.0–2.5
- PepT1 intestinal uptake
- Minimizes substrate competition; aligns with rodent circadian feeding patterns
- Gold standard for PK reproducibility. Most predictable plasma curves
- Rodent subcutaneous injection
- Not applicable (bypass GI)
- N/A
- Direct interstitial diffusion
- Fasting affects tissue insulin/mTOR state but not peptide stability
- Use fasting only if studying metabolic endpoints; unnecessary for pure absorption studies
- Cell culture (Caco-2 apical dosing)
- Simulated fasted-state buffer (pH 2.0)
- 2.0
- PepT1 monolayer transport
- pH controls peptide aggregation and charge state
- Always use fasted-state buffers unless explicitly modeling fed conditions
- Human clinical (sublingual mucoadhesive)
- 30–60 minutes pre-meal
- Oral cavity pH 6.8–7.2
- Buccal mucosa passive diffusion
- Bypass gastric degradation entirely; fasting prevents saliva dilution
- Short fasting window sufficient. Main concern is saliva flow rate, not pH
- Ex vivo tissue explants
- Medium with/without serum
- Direct tissue contact
- Serum proteins bind peptides nonspecifically. Use serum-free for fasting analog
- Serum = fed state analog; serum-free = fasted state analog in terms of substrate availability