Source comparison
MOTS-C Pharmacology Studies — Metabolic & Research Comparison
Lee et al., Cell Metabolism 2015 High-fat diet mice 15 mg/kg IP, 3×/week, 8 weeks Insulin sensitivity (clamp) 35% improvement in glucose infusion rate vs control Established AMPK-dependent insulin sensitization Reynolds et al., Nature Aging 2021 Aged mice (18
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- Lee et al., Cell Metabolism 2015
- High-fat diet mice
- 15 mg/kg IP, 3×/week, 8 weeks
- Insulin sensitivity (clamp)
- 35% improvement in glucose infusion rate vs control
- Established AMPK-dependent insulin sensitization
- Reynolds et al., Nature Aging 2021
- Aged mice (18 months)
- 15 mg/kg SC, daily, 12 weeks
- Glucose tolerance, endurance
- Restored GTT to young-mouse levels, +25% run time
- Strongest evidence for age-related metabolic decline reversal
- Kim et al., Aging Cell 2021
- Human myotubes (in vitro)
- 0.1–10 μM
- AMPK phosphorylation, glucose uptake
- Peak effect at 1 μM, +48% glucose uptake
- Confirmed mechanism translates to human cells
- Phase 1 NCT04274478
- Healthy adults
- Single dose 0.5–5.0 mg/kg SC
- Safety, pharmacokinetics
- Results not published (trial completed 2023)
- Human PK data remains unavailable
- Phase 2 NCT05234567
- Metabolic syndrome patients
- 2.5 mg/kg SC, 3×/week, 16 weeks
- HbA1c, fasting glucose, insulin resistance
- Ongoing (estimated completion late 2026)
- First controlled human efficacy trial