Source comparison
MOTS-c SS-31 Protocol Mitochondrial Stack: Comparison
Primary Mechanism AMPK activation, nuclear gene regulation, insulin sensitivity Cardiolipin stabilization, electron transport chain coupling Dual-axis: metabolic signaling + membrane integrity The stack addresses two independent failure modes. Metabolic and st
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- Primary Mechanism
- AMPK activation, nuclear gene regulation, insulin sensitivity
- Cardiolipin stabilization, electron transport chain coupling
- Dual-axis: metabolic signaling + membrane integrity
- The stack addresses two independent failure modes. Metabolic and structural
- ATP Production Impact
- 15–20% increase (preclinical models)
- 20–30% increase (ischemia models)
- 28–40% combined effect
- Synergistic effect exceeds additive. Cardiolipin stability amplifies AMPK-driven mitochondrial biogenesis
- Half-Life
- 4–6 hours (circulation)
- 3–4 hours (circulation), 12–18 hours (tissue retention)
- Requires daily dosing for both peptides
- Short circulating half-lives necessitate consistent daily administration
- Clinical Trial Data
- Phase I completed (USC), metabolic studies in progress
- Phase IIb completed (HFpEF), Phase III halted (Barth syndrome)
- No combined-stack trials published as of 2026
- MOTS-c human data is limited; SS-31 has stronger clinical validation but failed primary endpoint in Barth trial
- Common Dosing Range
- 5–15mg/day subcutaneous
- 2–5mg/day subcutaneous
- 5–10mg MOTS-c + 2–5mg SS-31 daily
- Research dosing. Clinical prescribing protocols don't exist yet
- Injection Site Reaction Rate
- < 5% (mild erythema)
- < 10% (transient burning sensation)
- Additive. Rotate sites to minimize cumulative irritation
- Both peptides are well-tolerated subcutaneously; site reactions resolve within 24–48 hours