Source comparison
MOTS-c Studied Metabolic Syndrome Research: Comparison
MOTS-c 5mg 3×/week AMPK activation, GLUT4 upregulation +35% (mouse), +18% (human) −28% triglycerides, +14% HDL Direct enhancement via PGC-1α Minimal GI effects, injection site reactions <5% Best option for patients with mitochondrial dysfunction or metformin i
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- MOTS-c 5mg 3×/week
- AMPK activation, GLUT4 upregulation
- +35% (mouse), +18% (human)
- −28% triglycerides, +14% HDL
- Direct enhancement via PGC-1α
- Minimal GI effects, injection site reactions <5%
- Best option for patients with mitochondrial dysfunction or metformin intolerance
- Metformin 1000mg 2×/day
- Hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibition
- +20–25%
- −10–15% triglycerides
- Indirect suppression (Complex I inhibition)
- GI intolerance 20–30%, lactic acidosis rare
- First-line standard but limited by tolerability and hepatic-only action
- GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide)
- Appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying
- +30–40% (via weight loss)
- −15–20% triglycerides
- No direct effect
- Nausea 30–50%, pancreatitis risk 0.1%
- Superior weight loss but operates through caloric deficit, not mitochondrial repair