Source comparison
NAD+ MOTS-C Protocol: Research Design Comparison
USC 2015 cohort (n=32) None (MOTS-c only) 10mg 3×/week SC 8 weeks Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) −42% HOMA-IR vs baseline Harvard 2021 RCT (n=58) 1000mg NMN daily PO 5mg 3×/week SC 12 weeks Muscle glucose uptake (PET scan) +28% uptake vs NMN-only group Tokyo 20
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- USC 2015 cohort (n=32)
- None (MOTS-c only)
- 10mg 3×/week SC
- 8 weeks
- Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR)
- −42% HOMA-IR vs baseline
- Harvard 2021 RCT (n=58)
- 1000mg NMN daily PO
- 5mg 3×/week SC
- 12 weeks
- Muscle glucose uptake (PET scan)
- +28% uptake vs NMN-only group
- Tokyo 2019 observational (n=76)
- 500mg NR daily PO
- 15mg 3×/week SC
- 16 weeks
- Fasting blood glucose
- −18mg/dL vs placebo
- Stanford 2022 Phase II (n=104)
- 1500mg NMN daily PO
- 20 weeks
- HbA1c reduction
- −0.9% vs −0.3% (NMN alone)
- Professional Assessment
- Consistent dosing across trials supports 5–15mg MOTS-c 3×/week as the effective range. NAD+ precursor doses vary widely (500–1500mg daily), suggesting the MOTS-c component drives metabolic outcomes more than NAD+ dose escalation. Subcutaneous administration is standard. No oral MOTS-c formulations show equivalent bioavailability.