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Pulsatile vs Continuous Signaling

A critical feature: kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus function as the GnRH pulse generator. They fire in coordinated bursts approximately every 60–90 minutes, with each pulse driving a corresponding GnRH pulse. This pulsatility is not optional — it's r

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  • A critical feature: kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus function as the GnRH pulse generator. They fire in coordinated bursts approximately every 60–90 minutes, with each pulse driving a corresponding GnRH pulse.
  • This pulsatility is not optional — it's required. Continuous GnRH exposure (as with GnRH agonist drugs like leuprolide) initially stimulates but then suppresses the pituitary through receptor desensitization. The same principle applies to kisspeptin: continuous exposure desensitizes KISS1R. This has direct implications for dosing — see our kisspeptin dosing guide for pulsatile protocols.