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TB-500 Endurance Results Timeline Expect: Comparison

Days 1–7 VEGF upregulation, actin polymerization in endothelial cells No measurable performance change RT-PCR for VEGF mRNA, Western blot for protein Molecular signals present but no structural vascular change yet Days 8–21 Endothelial cell migration, early ca

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  • Days 1–7
  • VEGF upregulation, actin polymerization in endothelial cells
  • No measurable performance change
  • RT-PCR for VEGF mRNA, Western blot for protein
  • Molecular signals present but no structural vascular change yet
  • Days 8–21
  • Endothelial cell migration, early capillary sprouting
  • Minimal change in VO2 max (<5%)
  • Immunohistochemistry (CD31 staining for capillaries)
  • Angiogenic process initiated but immature vessels not yet perfused
  • Days 22–42
  • Capillary stabilization, pericyte recruitment, basement membrane formation
  • VO2 max improves 8–13%, lactate clearance improves 10–15%
  • Treadmill time-to-exhaustion, blood lactate curves
  • Functional endurance gains emerge as new capillaries become perfused
  • Days 43–84
  • Peak capillary density reached, further gains plateau without exercise
  • VO2 max plateaus, improvements maintain if training continues
  • Capillary-to-fiber ratio histology, repeat VO2 max testing
  • Maximum angiogenic effect achieved. Continued improvement requires ongoing mechanical stimulus
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