Source comparison
NAD+ SS-31 Protocol: Mitochondrial Research Comparison
The table below contrasts the core mechanistic and research distinctions between NAD+ and SS-31 interventions in mitochondrial studies. Primary Mechanism Restores NAD+ pools depleted by aging, PARP activation, and CD38. Enables electron transport and sirtuin a
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- The table below contrasts the core mechanistic and research distinctions between NAD+ and SS-31 interventions in mitochondrial studies.
- Primary Mechanism
- Restores NAD+ pools depleted by aging, PARP activation, and CD38. Enables electron transport and sirtuin activity
- Binds cardiolipin at inner membrane to prevent oxidative damage and cristae collapse
- NAD+ fixes substrate depletion; SS-31 fixes structural failure
- Mitochondrial Target
- Increases NAD+/NADH ratio to favor oxidative phosphorylation over glycolysis
- Stabilises cardiolipin-cytochrome c interaction to reduce ROS at the source
- NAD+ acts metabolically; SS-31 acts architecturally
- Research Models with Strongest Efficacy
- Aging, sarcopenia, NASH, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Barth syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, acute kidney injury
- Use NAD+ for chronic depletion states; SS-31 for acute damage or genetic membrane defects
- Dose Range (Preclinical)
- 300–500 mg/kg NMN in mice (human equivalent ~1500–2500 mg/day oral)
- 3–5 mg/kg SS-31 subcutaneous in rodents
- NAD+ requires gram-scale oral dosing; SS-31 effective at milligram injectable doses
- Human Clinical Trial Status (2026)
- Phase 2 completed in NASH, aging biomarkers. No FDA-approved indication
- Phase 2b completed in primary mitochondrial myopathy, Phase 3 in development
- SS-31 closer to regulatory approval for specific diseases; NAD+ remains investigational
- Combination Rationale
- Restores energy currency but does not prevent membrane oxidation
- Prevents membrane damage but does not restore depleted NAD+ pools
- Combined nad+ ss-31 protocol mitochondrial research addresses both energy and structural axes