Source comparison
Research Endpoints and In Vivo Model Comparison
The BaCl₂ intramuscular injection model (acute, reproducible, severe myonecrosis) and cardiotoxin (CTX, 10–15 µM injection) model provide acute injury paradigms with defined regeneration kinetics (necrosis peak day 1–3, SC proliferation peak day 3–5, myotube f
This comparison does not assign a generated winner or score.
- The BaCl₂ intramuscular injection model (acute, reproducible, severe myonecrosis) and cardiotoxin (CTX, 10–15 µM injection) model provide acute injury paradigms with defined regeneration kinetics (necrosis peak day 1–3, SC proliferation peak day 3–5, myotube formation peak day 5–10, functional research applications day 14–28). The mdx chronic degeneration model provides a continuous injury-regeneration context. Freeze injury (liquid nitrogen-cooled probe applied to the exposed tibialis anterior surface for 10 seconds) provides a spatially defined, reproducible acute injury without inflammatory toxin involvement — useful for studying regeneration independent of inflammation when comparing to cardiotoxin.
- Key functional endpoints: hindlimb grip strength (automated grip strength meter, 3-trial average), inverted wire hang (time to fall, seconds), treadmill running distance (constant-speed exhaustion test), and ex vivo EDL muscle tetanic force (Åμ force transducer system, 150 Hz stimulation, peak tetanic force normalised to muscle CSA). Histological endpoints: H&E myofibre CSA minimum Feret diameter distribution, centralised nucleus %, embryonic MyHC (eMyHC, regeneration marker) % positive fibres by IHC, and Pax7 satellite cell density per myofibre by IF.